Realizing the "cathode atomization" effect during tungsten inert gas arc welding of aluminum and aluminum alloys

所谓“阴极雾化”作用是指焊接时利用电弧中的正离子轰击焊件和熔池表面，使焊件和熔池表面的氧化膜破碎，从而达到去除氧化膜的作用。铝、镁及其合金由于化学性质活泼，在其表面和熔池表面经常覆盖一层密实、难熔的氧化膜，熔点很高，严重妨碍金属熔化，容易造成未熔合、夹渣、气孔和焊缝表面起皱等，必须彻底清除。清除的办法除了利用化学清洗法和机械清理法外，常常利用“阴极雾化”作用。
铝及铝合金钨极氩弧焊时可以利用直流反接电源或交流电源来实现“阴极雾化”作用。在直流反接时，焊件接负极，电弧中的氩气被电离成正离子，正离子在电场的作用下，以高速向焊件表面运动，由于正离子质量比较大，因此能够撞碎Al2O3薄膜。直流正接时就不具有这样的作用。但是直流反接时也有一些缺点，就是接正极的钨极产生的热能比负极要多得多，因此容易造成熔化，而焊缝则熔深浅而宽。利用交流电源可以克服这些缺点，因为焊接时电源极性是周期改变的，在交流负极性的半波里会在焊件上产生“阴极雾化作用”，而在交流负极性的半波里又能使钨极得到冷却，两者都能兼顾，因此，现在钨极氩弧焊时多用交流电源，特别是较厚的焊件。

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